Olsztyn - a town with the rights of a poviat, the capital of the Warmińsko-Mazurskie Voivodeship, the seat of the land authorities of the Olsztyn poviat, the curia of the Warmian Archdiocese and the Lutheran Diocese of Masuria. The main economic, educational and cultural centre, the seat of authorities and institutions of the region, as well as a railway and road junction. The central city of the Olsztyn agglomeration. Olsztyn is located in the central part of the Warmińsko-Mazurskie Voivodeship on the Łyna River, within the boundaries of the Olsztyn Lakeland, which is part of the Mazurian Lakeland macroregion and is a subprovince of the East Baltic Lakeland. From the southern side the town is adjacent to the Napiwodzko-Ramucka Forest.
The town is adjacent to the communes: Dywity, Barczewo, Purda, Stawiguda, Gietrzwałd and Jonkowo. The only county with which Olsztyn borders is the Olsztyn county (land county).
Olsztyn is located 87 km from the border with Russia, 131 km from Kaliningrad and 408 km from the Lithuanian capital - Vilnius.